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5.05 Hardware Utilities
tee - accept
output from another command and send it both to standard output and
to a file
tr - “translates”
and/or deletes characters from standard input, writing to standard input.
Options:
-d delete
-s squize
-t truncate # (truncates string1 to length of string 2 b.)
Example: Using
command tr and
redirection pipe (|)
to convert lover case character to uppercase
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[bash]$ cat
foo.file |
tr “[a-z]” “[A-Z]” |
unix2dos - converts
Linux files to Windows Format
dos2unix - converts
DOS files so they can be read on Linux system
printers
- information
on printers
lpr - prints
a file #(places files in a print queue)
Options:
-P print files to the
names printer (lpr -Pcolor foo.file)
-p
used with a text files (places header footer, date itd)
lpq - display
what jobs are in print queue
lprm -
removes a job from the print queue
pr - converts
text files for printing
+num_page Discards
the first page number and begins printing on specified page
-num_col Prints in the
number of columns specified by num_col
-a displays columns rather
than down
-d displays in double-spaced
format
-f, -F uses form feeds
instead of newlines to separate pages
-h header uses
your text in as specified by header instead of the file name
-l lines sets
the page lenght to lines specified by lines.
Examples:
|
[bash]$ pr
-dh “my format
file” personal.file | more
(or)
[bash]$ ls
*.txt | pr -3a | more |
fdformat - low level
formats a floppy disk
Example:
|
[bash]$ fdformat
/dev/fd0 |
fdisk - partition
table manipulator for Linux
mkfs - built a Linux file system
Options:
-v verbal
-t fstype file
system type
-fs
-option file system option
device device name
blocks blocks
Examplee: In
this example the type of file system you wish to make is the ext2,
on device named /dev/fd0
and total block size 1.44MB
#(for floppy's make sure that device is unmounted, other wise it will
be considered busy)
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[bash]$ mkfs
-t ext2 /dev/fdo 1440 |
mount -
mount a device
Examples:
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[bash]$ mount
/mnt/floppy
[bash]$ mount
/dev/sda1 /mnt/usb #(Example how to mount an usb_drive)
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du - disk
usage
Options:
-a all
-b bytes
-c total count
-h human redable
-k kilobytes
-m megabytes
-s sumamarize
df - disk
free
Options:
-a all
-h human
-i inodes
-k kilobytes
-l local
-m megabytes
-t type type
-T display type
fsck - check and repair Linux file
system
umount -
unmount a device
free
- display information about
a free and used memory on the system
tty - print the file name of the
terminal connected to a standard input
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